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Dave Johnson's Proletariat Protocol
Information on nutritional supplements people with ALS have been taking
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aa - Qafár af
ab - Аҧсшәа
ace - Acèh
ady - адыгабзэ
ady-cyrl - адыгабзэ
aeb - تونسي/Tûnsî
aeb-arab - تونسي
aeb-latn - Tûnsî
af - Afrikaans
ak - Akan
aln - Gegë
am - አማርኛ
an - aragonés
ang - Ænglisc
anp - अङ्गिका
ar - العربية
arc - ܐܪܡܝܐ
arn - mapudungun
arq - جازايرية
ary - Maġribi
arz - مصرى
as - অসমীয়া
ase - American sign language
ast - asturianu
av - авар
avk - Kotava
awa - अवधी
ay - Aymar aru
az - azərbaycanca
azb - تۆرکجه
ba - башҡортса
ban - Basa Bali
bar - Boarisch
bbc - Batak Toba
bbc-latn - Batak Toba
bcc - جهلسری بلوچی
bcl - Bikol Central
be - беларуская
be-tarask - беларуская (тарашкевіца)
bg - български
bgn - روچ کپتین بلوچی
bho - भोजपुरी
bi - Bislama
bjn - Bahasa Banjar
bm - bamanankan
bn - বাংলা
bo - བོད་ཡིག
bpy - বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী
bqi - بختیاری
br - brezhoneg
brh - Bráhuí
bs - bosanski
bto - Iriga Bicolano
bug - ᨅᨔ ᨕᨘᨁᨗ
bxr - буряад
ca - català
cbk-zam - Chavacano de Zamboanga
cdo - Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄
ce - нохчийн
ceb - Cebuano
ch - Chamoru
cho - Choctaw
chr - ᏣᎳᎩ
chy - Tsetsêhestâhese
ckb - کوردیی ناوەندی
co - corsu
cps - Capiceño
cr - Nēhiyawēwin / ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ
crh - qırımtatarca
crh-cyrl - къырымтатарджа (Кирилл)
crh-latn - qırımtatarca (Latin)
cs - čeština
csb - kaszëbsczi
cu - словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ
cv - Чӑвашла
cy - Cymraeg
da - dansk
de - Deutsch
de-at - Österreichisches Deutsch
de-ch - Schweizer Hochdeutsch
de-formal - Deutsch (Sie-Form)
diq - Zazaki
dsb - dolnoserbski
dtp - Dusun Bundu-liwan
dty - डोटेली
dv - ދިވެހިބަސް
dz - ཇོང་ཁ
ee - eʋegbe
egl - Emiliàn
el - Ελληνικά
eml - emiliàn e rumagnòl
en - English
en-ca - Canadian English
en-gb - British English
eo - Esperanto
es - español
et - eesti
eu - euskara
ext - estremeñu
fa - فارسی
ff - Fulfulde
fi - suomi
fit - meänkieli
fj - Na Vosa Vakaviti
fo - føroyskt
fr - français
frc - français cadien
frp - arpetan
frr - Nordfriisk
fur - furlan
fy - Frysk
ga - Gaeilge
gag - Gagauz
gan - 贛語
gan-hans - 赣语(简体)
gan-hant - 贛語(繁體)
gd - Gàidhlig
gl - galego
glk - گیلکی
gn - Avañe'ẽ
gom - गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni
gom-deva - गोंयची कोंकणी
gom-latn - Gõychi Konknni
got - 𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺
grc - Ἀρχαία ἑλληνικὴ
gsw - Alemannisch
gu - ગુજરાતી
gv - Gaelg
ha - Hausa
hak - 客家語/Hak-kâ-ngî
haw - Hawaiʻi
he - עברית
hi - हिन्दी
hif - Fiji Hindi
hif-latn - Fiji Hindi
hil - Ilonggo
ho - Hiri Motu
hr - hrvatski
hrx - Hunsrik
hsb - hornjoserbsce
ht - Kreyòl ayisyen
hu - magyar
hy - Հայերեն
hz - Otsiherero
ia - interlingua
id - Bahasa Indonesia
ie - Interlingue
ig - Igbo
ii - ꆇꉙ
ik - Iñupiak
ike-cans - ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ
ike-latn - inuktitut
ilo - Ilokano
inh - ГӀалгӀай
io - Ido
is - íslenska
it - italiano
iu - ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ/inuktitut
ja - 日本語
jam - Patois
jbo - la .lojban.
jut - jysk
jv - Basa Jawa
ka - ქართული
kaa - Qaraqalpaqsha
kab - Taqbaylit
kbd - Адыгэбзэ
kbd-cyrl - Адыгэбзэ
kg - Kongo
khw - کھوار
ki - Gĩkũyũ
kiu - Kırmancki
kj - Kwanyama
kk - қазақша
kk-arab - قازاقشا (تٴوتە)
kk-cn - قازاقشا (جۇنگو)
kk-cyrl - қазақша (кирил)
kk-kz - қазақша (Қазақстан)
kk-latn - qazaqşa (latın)
kk-tr - qazaqşa (Türkïya)
kl - kalaallisut
km - ភាសាខ្មែរ
kn - ಕನ್ನಡ
ko - 한국어
ko-kp - 한국어 (조선)
koi - Перем Коми
kr - Kanuri
krc - къарачай-малкъар
kri - Krio
krj - Kinaray-a
ks - कॉशुर / کٲشُر
ks-arab - کٲشُر
ks-deva - कॉशुर
ksh - Ripoarisch
ku - Kurdî
ku-arab - كوردي (عەرەبی)
ku-latn - Kurdî (latînî)
kv - коми
kw - kernowek
ky - Кыргызча
la - Latina
lad - Ladino
lb - Lëtzebuergesch
lbe - лакку
lez - лезги
lfn - Lingua Franca Nova
lg - Luganda
li - Limburgs
lij - Ligure
liv - Līvõ kēļ
lki - لەکی
lmo - lumbaart
ln - lingála
lo - ລາວ
loz - Silozi
lrc - لۊری شومالی
lt - lietuvių
ltg - latgaļu
lus - Mizo ţawng
luz - لئری دوٙمینی
lv - latviešu
lzh - 文言
lzz - Lazuri
mai - मैथिली
map-bms - Basa Banyumasan
mdf - мокшень
mg - Malagasy
mh - Ebon
mhr - олык марий
mi - Māori
min - Baso Minangkabau
mk - македонски
ml - മലയാളം
mn - монгол
mo - молдовеняскэ
mr - मराठी
mrj - кырык мары
ms - Bahasa Melayu
mt - Malti
mus - Mvskoke
mwl - Mirandés
my - မြန်မာဘာသာ
myv - эрзянь
mzn - مازِرونی
na - Dorerin Naoero
nah - Nāhuatl
nan - Bân-lâm-gú
nap - Napulitano
nb - norsk bokmål
nds - Plattdüütsch
nds-nl - Nedersaksies
ne - नेपाली
new - नेपाल भाषा
ng - Oshiwambo
niu - Niuē
nl - Nederlands
nl-informal - Nederlands (informeel)
nn - norsk nynorsk
nov - Novial
nrm - Nouormand
nso - Sesotho sa Leboa
nv - Diné bizaad
ny - Chi-Chewa
oc - occitan
olo - Livvinkarjala
om - Oromoo
or - ଓଡ଼ିଆ
os - Ирон
pa - ਪੰਜਾਬੀ
pag - Pangasinan
pam - Kapampangan
pap - Papiamentu
pcd - Picard
pdc - Deitsch
pdt - Plautdietsch
pfl - Pälzisch
pi - पालि
pih - Norfuk / Pitkern
pl - polski
pms - Piemontèis
pnb - پنجابی
pnt - Ποντιακά
prg - Prūsiskan
ps - پښتو
pt - português
pt-br - português do Brasil
qu - Runa Simi
qug - Runa shimi
rgn - Rumagnôl
rif - Tarifit
rm - rumantsch
rmy - Romani
rn - Kirundi
ro - română
roa-tara - tarandíne
ru - русский
rue - русиньскый
rup - armãneashti
ruq - Vlăheşte
ruq-cyrl - Влахесте
ruq-latn - Vlăheşte
rw - Kinyarwanda
sa - संस्कृतम्
sah - саха тыла
sat - Santali
sc - sardu
scn - sicilianu
sco - Scots
sd - سنڌي
sdc - Sassaresu
sdh - کوردی خوارگ
se - sámegiella
sei - Cmique Itom
ses - Koyraboro Senni
sg - Sängö
sgs - žemaitėška
sh - srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски
shi - Tašlḥiyt/ⵜⴰⵛⵍⵃⵉⵜ
shi-latn - Tašlḥiyt
shi-tfng - ⵜⴰⵛⵍⵃⵉⵜ
shn - ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး
si - සිංහල
sk - slovenčina
sl - slovenščina
sli - Schläsch
sm - Gagana Samoa
sma - Åarjelsaemien
sn - chiShona
so - Soomaaliga
sq - shqip
sr - српски / srpski
sr-ec - српски (ћирилица)
sr-el - srpski (latinica)
srn - Sranantongo
ss - SiSwati
st - Sesotho
stq - Seeltersk
su - Basa Sunda
sv - svenska
sw - Kiswahili
szl - ślůnski
ta - தமிழ்
tcy - ತುಳು
te - తెలుగు
tet - tetun
tg - тоҷикӣ
tg-cyrl - тоҷикӣ
tg-latn - tojikī
th - ไทย
ti - ትግርኛ
tk - Türkmençe
tl - Tagalog
tly - толышә зывон
tn - Setswana
to - lea faka-Tonga
tokipona - Toki Pona
tpi - Tok Pisin
tr - Türkçe
tru - Ṫuroyo
ts - Xitsonga
tt - татарча/tatarça
tt-cyrl - татарча
tt-latn - tatarça
tum - chiTumbuka
tw - Twi
ty - reo tahiti
tyv - тыва дыл
tzm - ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ
udm - удмурт
ug - ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche
ug-arab - ئۇيغۇرچە
ug-latn - Uyghurche
uk - українська
ur - اردو
uz - oʻzbekcha/ўзбекча
uz-cyrl - ўзбекча
uz-latn - oʻzbekcha
ve - Tshivenda
vec - vèneto
vep - vepsän kel’
vi - Tiếng Việt
vls - West-Vlams
vmf - Mainfränkisch
vo - Volapük
vot - Vaďďa
vro - Võro
wa - walon
war - Winaray
wo - Wolof
wuu - 吴语
xal - хальмг
xh - isiXhosa
xmf - მარგალური
yi - ייִדיש
yo - Yorùbá
yue - 粵語
za - Vahcuengh
zea - Zeêuws
zh - 中文
zh-cn - 中文(中国大陆)
zh-hans - 中文(简体)
zh-hant - 中文(繁體)
zh-hk - 中文(香港)
zh-mo - 中文(澳門)
zh-my - 中文(马来西亚)
zh-sg - 中文(新加坡)
zh-tw - 中文(台灣)
zu - isiZulu
qqq - Message documentation
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{{DISPLAYTITLE:Information on nutritional supplements people with ALS have been taking}}<languages/> This is a list of supplements people with ALS have rep orted taking. Along with each supplement, its supposed pathways of functioning are given, with typical dosages and potential side effects. The aim is to create a specific data page on each supplement, including links to scientific research articles etc. * [[Special:MyLanguage/Supplements listed by their effects|Supplements listed by their effects]] * [[Special:MyLanguage/Preventive factors for ALS|Preventive factors for ALS]] {| class="wikitable" ! Substance || Means of functioning || Possible synergies || Potential side effects || Form || Typical dosage |- | [[Special:MyLanguage/5-HTP|5-HTP]] || Serotonin upregulator, may help with lower motor neuron symptoms such as cramps and muscle spasms, may slow down neurodegeneration. May alleviate depression and improve sleep. || Vitamin B6, (pyridoxal-5'-phosphate form may be more effective). According to the [http://winningthefight.org/t/Deanna-Protocol Deanna protocol] together with no-flush niacin (or niacin?) may produce NADH. || Risk for [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serotonin_syndrome serotonin syndrome] if many serotonin boosters are taken at the same time. Not together with green tea (EGCG, EGC) || Capsule || 100 mg, twice a day. Deanna protocol recommends 50 mg a day. For mood support 50-300 mg commonly mentioned. |- | [[Special:MyLanguage/Acetyl L-carnitine (ALCAR)|Acetyl L-carnitine (ALCAR)]] || Mitochondrial support, prolonged survival time by 23 months in this [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23421600 trial]. Appears to increase the growth and repair of neurons, while protecting neurons from high levels of glutamate when combined with lipoic acid. Reduces neuromuscular degeneration in certain animal models. || Probably more effective with alpha lipoic acid. L-carnitine without the acyl group is more bioavailable but unable to pass BBB; thus better for targeting muscles. || If taken orally, may feed harmful gut bacteria. For some people may cause racing thoughts or insomnia if taken on afternoon or evening. || Capsule or powder || 1 - 3 g a day, max. 0.5 g at a time |- | [[Special:MyLanguage/Alcohol|Alcohol]] (ethyl alcohol) ||Glutamate antagonist, GABA agonist, synergistic with glycine. || || Unsuitable for alcoholics, common alcohol risks and health problems: risk of addiction, worse sleep, chronic use has risk of depression and anxiety, burdens liver, high amounts may lead to accidents and injury. || Liquid beverages || |- | Alpha lipoic adic (ALA) see [[Special:MyLanguage/R Alpha Lipoic Acid (R-ALA)|R Alpha Lipoic Acid (R-ALA)]]. || || || || || |- | [[Special:MyLanguage/Alpha ketoglutarate (AKG)|Alpha ketoglutarate (AKG)]] || Krebs cycle support || || || Capsule or liquid || Deanna protocol recommends 300 mg every 1 hour while awake. |- | [[Special:MyLanguage/Arginine alpha ketoglutarate (AAKG)|Arginine alpha ketoglutarate (AAKG)]] || Krebs cycle support || Arginine (in the form of 1:1 AAKG) increases bioavailability. Usually used in combination with AKG. || || Capsule || 3 - 20 g a day, (Deanna protocol recommends 18g) typical dosage in Deanna protocol is 3 x 6g |- | [[Special:MyLanguage/Ashwagandha|Ashwagandha]] (withania somnifera) || Reduces TDP-43 and SOD1 mislocalisation and aggregation in an ALS mouse models. May reduce anxiety. Reduces CRP. Decreases cortisol (anti-stress) and adaptogenic. Decreases total cholesterol. Minor decrease of blood glucose and pressure. Minor antidepressant effect. || Nrf2/ARE inducers (curcumin or silymarin from milk thistle) for inducing HO-1 activity and antioxidant effects. GABAergic anxiolytics (including alcohol) - anti-anxiety effect is even synergistic with alcohol. || || Root powder, root extract (brands: KSM-66, Sensoril) powder and capsules || Dosage of non-extract root powder: 6,000mg a day usually divided into three doses of 2,000mg. |- | [[Special:MyLanguage/Baicalin|Baicalin]] || VEGF upregulator, NF-kappab inhibitor, IL-6 downregulator (?) || || || Capsule || 400 mg a day |- | [[Special:MyLanguage/Benfotiamine|Benfotiamine]] || Preferred lipophilic form of thiamine (vitamin B1). || || || Capsule || |- | [[Special:MyLanguage/Berberine|Berberine]] || Anti-microbial, AMPK activator, anti-leaky gut || || May interact with microlide antibiotics such as azithromycin and clarithromycin at hERG channels on the heart, leading to serious cardiotoxicity. Excessive AMPK activation may induce TDP-43 mislocalisation. Possibly detrimental in SOD1 ALS. Contributes to muscle degradation. || Capsule || 0.9 - 2 g a day, max. 0.5 g at a time |- | [[Special:MyLanguage/Biotin|Biotin]] (vitamin B7) || || || No significant side effects reported, but [http://umm.edu/health/medical/altmed/supplement-interaction/possible-interactions-with-vitamin-h-biotin valproate and long-term antibiotics use may cause biotin deficiency.] || || 300 mg a day |- | [[Special:MyLanguage/Coconut oil|Coconut oil]] / MCT oil || By raising ketone levels, could theoretically help compensate for mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired energy production. Could slow progression simply by acting as a high calorie supplement that increases circulating lipids. Antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal and antiprotozoal. || || Stomach upset, diarrhea in large amounts. Gradual increase 1 tsp/day to minimize possible gastrointestinal side effects. || Virgin coconut oil, avoid hydrogenated or otherwise chemically altered products. || 1-9 Tbsp/day. |- | [[Special:MyLanguage/Colloidal silver|Colloidal silver]] || According to "Eric is Winning" -protocol, colloidal silver is a natural antibiotic and has been known to effectively eliminate unwanted parasites from colon. Also suggested by EIW that most people, including 85% of all PALS, have excessive bad bacteria, fungus, and/or mycoplasmas in their colons. || || || || |- | [[Special:MyLanguage/Creatine|Creatine]] || Krebs cycle support. || || || Powder || 5-10g per day |- | [[Special:MyLanguage/Cu-ASTM|Cu-ASTM]] || Copper transporter, supposedly able to release its copper specifically only in CNS and spine. Halted disease in SOD1 mice. || || || dark powder in capsule || 24 mg a day |- | [[Special:MyLanguage/Curcumin|Curcumin]] || Anti-inflammatory, HSP inducer, iron chelator || Valproate potentiates curcumin's neuroprotective effect. Piperine or complexing with phosphatidylcholine (Meriva) improves otherwise poor bioavailability when taken orally. Slow release products exist (e.g. Meriva-SR). || Consult a doctor first if you have problems with gallbladder. Has been shown to inhibit proteasome within cell, which may lead to increase of misfolded proteins. || Capsule || 400 mg to 3 g a day, depending on the formulation |- | [[Special:MyLanguage/D-ribose|D-ribose]] || May support Krebs cycle. || || || || |- | [[Special:MyLanguage/Dexthromethorphan|Dexthromethorphan]] || Anti-bulbar/pseudobulbar symptoms, Serotonin upregulator, Calcium channel inhibitor, NMDA antagonist || Quinidine slows the breakdown of dextromethorphan in the body, improving its bioavailability. || May cause dizziness or drowsiness. Do not drive, use machinery, or do any activity that requires alertness until you are sure you can perform such activities safely. Avoid alcoholic beverages. MAO inhibitors may cause a serious (possibly fatal) drug interaction. Avoid taking isocarboxazid, methylene blue, moclobemide, phenelzine, procarbazine, rasagiline, selegiline, or tranylcypromine with dextromethorphan. MAO inhibitors should also not be taken for two weeks before. Other interactions are possible. || Liquid || 20 mg dex + 10 mg quinidine twice a day |- | [[Special:MyLanguage/Dichloroacetate (DCA)|Dichloroacetate (DCA)]] || Glycolysis inhibitor, reduces [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyruvate_dehydrogenase PDH] phosphorylation || || Severe, including peripheral neuropathy if taken too much or for too long. In tumor cells, shifting metabolism towards oxidative phosphorylation increases apoptosis - what happens in ALS affected cells is unknown. || Powder || 2 g a day |- | [[Special:MyLanguage/DMAE|DMAE]] || Increases acetylcholine production, antioxidant. || || Confusion, drowsiness, elevated blood pressure, insomnia || Capsule || 130 - 400 mg a day |- | [[Special:MyLanguage/EGCG|EGCG]] (epigallocatechin-3-gallate) || Natural iron and copper chelator. Oral administration to G93A-SOD1 mutant transgenic mice, beginning from a pre-symptomatic stage, significantly prolonged the symptom onset, delayed the onset of disease and extended life span. Additionally, increased the number of motor neurons, diminished microglial activation, reduced immunohistochemical reaction of NF-kappaB and cleaved caspase-3, as well as reduced protein level of iNOS and NF-kappaB in the spinal cords of G93A-SOD1 mutant transgenic mice. In cultured rat spinal cord explants, EGCG protected motor neurons against THA-induced toxicity, which was accompanied by regulation of glutamate levels in the synaptic cleft, and decreased tissue levels of lipid peroxides. || || || Capsule || |- | [[Special:MyLanguage/European milk thistle extract|European milk thistle extract]] || Mitochondrial support, GSH production support, liver support || || || Softgel || 500 mg, once a day |- | [[Special:MyLanguage/Folic acid|Folic acid]] (folate) || Lowers homocysteine. || Synergy with vitamin B12. || Folic acid refers to the oxidized synthetic compound used in dietary supplements and food fortification, whereas folate refers to the various tetrahydrofolate derivatives naturally found in food. Excessive intake of folic acid increases cancer risk and may mask detection of vitamin B12 deficiency and lead to a deterioration of central nervous system. To minimize risks use “5-methyltetrahydrofolate” (5-MTHF) supplements or obtain folate from food. || Capsule of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF) for folate. || |- | [[Special:MyLanguage/GABA|GABA]] || Can have a direct effect on spasticity. || || GABA is a chief neurotransmitter in the brain and may adversely react with any neurally active prescription medication or anti-depressants. ([http://examine.com/supplements/GABA/ Source]). Changes in KCC2 channel density may cause GABA to turn excitatory in the cells affected by the disease. || Capsule || 250 mg, 2 times a day (Deanna protocol recommendation) |- | [[Special:MyLanguage/Gastrodia elata|Gastrodia elata]] (Gastrodin) || Endothelin-1 downregulator || || || Capsule || |- | [[Special:MyLanguage/Ginger|Ginger]] || || || [http://examine.com/supplements/Ginger/ According to Examine.com], due to an anticoagulant effect, ginger should not be paired with pharmaceutical (prescription) drugs with the same effect such as Warfarin, and possibly NSAIDs such as Aspirin. May cause gastrointesinal discomfort. || Fresh or root extract || |- | [[Special:MyLanguage/Glutathione|Glutathione]] || Antioxidant. || || || Pill, IV infusion, liposomal liquid || |- | [[Special:MyLanguage/Glycine|Glycine]] || || || || Powder || |- | [[Special:MyLanguage/Idebenone|Idebenone]] || Synthetic analogue of ubiquinone. || || || Pill || |- | [[Special:MyLanguage/Ibuprofen|Ibuprofen]] || Anti-inflammatory (general) || || May cause e.g. upset stomach, internal bleeding, nausea, vomiting, headache, diarrhea, constipation, dizziness, drowsiness, raise blood pressure, cause allergic reaction, or rarely cause serious (possibly fatal) liver disease. Many other possible serious side effects and drug interactions. ([http://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-5166-9368/ibuprofen-oral/ibuprofen-oral/details#interactions Source: WebMD]) || Pill || 200 mg, twice a day |- | [[Special:MyLanguage/Inosine|Inosine]] || Axon growth stimulation, anti-glutamate, elevates uric acid (?) || || May make gout worse. ([http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-704-Inosine.aspx?activeIngredientId=704&activeIngredientName=Inosine&source=1 Source: WebMD]) || Capsule || 500 mg, once a day |- | [[Special:MyLanguage/Leucine|Leucine]] || GDH activator || || || Powder || 1 g a day |- | [[Special:MyLanguage/Lion's Mane mushroom|Lion's Mane mushroom]] || Nerve growth stimulation. || || || Capsule, powder || |- | [[Special:MyLanguage/Luteolin|Luteolin]] || IL-6 inhibitor, TNF-α suppressor, reduces Ca2+ influx || || If accompanied with low-carbohydrate diet, may result into harmful weight loss. || Powder, capsule || 1 g a day |- | [[Special:MyLanguage/Magnesium|Magnesium]] ||Glutamate antagonist and GABA agonist. || || In some people, magnesium may cause stomach upset, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and other side effects. In very large amounts, possibly unsafe; Large doses may cause Mg build up in the body, causing serious side effects including an irregular heartbeat, low blood pressure, confusion, slowed breathing, coma, and death. Drug interactions exist, e.g. with antibiotics and muscle relaxants. ([http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-998-magnesium.aspx?activeIngredientId=998&activeIngredientName=magnesium&source=1 Source: WebMD]) || Capsule or powder. Mg taurate supposedly well-suited for ALS patients. Bisglycinate better than many other forms for intestinal tolerability. Citrate, orotate supposedly have good uptake. || 200-1000mg as tolerated |- | [[Special:MyLanguage/Magnesium chloride|Magnesium chloride]] (magnesium oil) || Similar to other magnesium forms, except can be taken transdermally. Transdermal delivery supposedly corrects Mg deficiency faster and has no intestinal issues. Transdermal magnesium chloride (but not oral) synthesizes DHEA in human skin. || || || Oily MgCl2-water, flakes for dissolving to water. || Oil or flakes dissolved to warm water bath. |- | [[Special:MyLanguage/Magnesium L-threonate|Magnesium L-threonate]] || Supposedly gets magnesium past the BBB better than other magnesium supplements. || || || || |- | [[Special:MyLanguage/Magnolia bark extract|Magnolia bark extract]] || Anti-anxiety, anti-bulbar/pseudobulbar symptoms, anti-inflammatory || || Can slow down the central nervous system, concern that it might slow down the nervous system too much when combined with anesthesia and other medications used during and after surgery. May slow blood clotting and cause bleeding during and after surgery. Interactions with alcohol and sedatives. ([http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-188-Magnolia.aspx?activeIngredientId=188&activeIngredientName=Magnolia&source=1 Source: WebMD]). Enhances TNF induced apoptosis || Capsule || 30 mg, 2-4 times a day |- | [[Special:MyLanguage/Methylcobalamin|Methylcobalamin]] (Vitamin B12) || In cell culture studies, ameliorates oxidative stress, glutamate toxicity and apoptosis. High doses can inhibit DNA methylation. Lowers plasma homocysteine levels. Ultra-high dose (25mg or 50mg i.m. twice weekly) for the patients who were given diagnosis of ALS within 12 months after the onset, the event-free survival was prolonged up to 600 days and ALSFRS-R changes were smaller in active group than in placebo. || || Unsafe at least in following medical conditions: High numbers of red blood cells (polycythemia vera), abnormal red blood cells (megaloblastic anemia), Leber’s disease (a hereditary eye disease), allergy or sensitivity to cobalt or cobalamin, post-surgical stent placement, pregnancy or breast-feeding. ([http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-926-Vitamin+B12.aspx?activeIngredientId=926&activeIngredientName=Vitamin+B12&source=1 Source: WebMD]) || Capsule, oral spray, injection || 1-25 mg per day or 50 mg twice a week |- | [[Special:MyLanguage/Melatonin|Melatonin]] || In ALS, the most promising effects of melatonin are those of blocking apoptotic pathways and reducing oxidative damage. The mechanisms of melatonin antiapoptotic effects are not completely clear, although the mitochondria have been identified as its target. || || Can cause some side effects including headache, short-term feelings of depression, daytime sleepiness, dizziness, stomach cramps, and irritability. Do not drive or use machinery for four to five hours after taking melatonin. ([http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-940-melatonin.aspx?activeingredientid=940 Source:WebMD]) || Capsule || 3-5 mg per day |- | [[Special:MyLanguage/MitoQ|MitoQ]] || Synthetic equivalent to ubiquinol, accumulates selectively into mitochondria. || || || Capsule || 10 mg, once a day |- | [[Special:MyLanguage/N-Acetyl-cysteine (NAC)|N-Acetyl-cysteine (NAC)]] || Glutathione synthesis precursor, can help thin mucous secretions in the oral cavity which may make swallowing easier. Prevents TDP-43 misconfiguration. Lowers plasma homocysteine levels. || || May cause upset stomach, diarrhea, fatigue, skin rash. Extremely high doses (60 to 100 times normal dose) have caused liver damage in animals. May be unsafe with asthma or liver or kidney disease. ([http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-and-supplements/n-acetyl-cysteine-uses-and-risks Source: WebMD]) || Capsule || 600 mg, twice a day |- | [[Special:MyLanguage/Niacin (vit. B3)|Niacin (vit. B3)]] || || || Increases plasma homocysteine levels, Causes release of PGD2 || || |- | [[Special:MyLanguage/Niacinamide (nicotinamide)|Niacinamide (nicotinamide)]] || || || Consumes betaine, leading to increased plasma homocysteine level. || || |- | [[Special:MyLanguage/Nicotinamide riboside|Nicotinamide riboside]] || NAD+ precursor, thus preventing astrocyte toxicity. || || || || 100 - 500 mg a day |- | [[Special:MyLanguage/Peony root extract|Peony root extract]] || HSP-70 inducer, anti-inflammatory. Sodium channel inhibitor, which makes it a promising therapeutic for lower motor neuron disease particularly. || Usually taken with non-DG licorice, which enhances its effects. || || || 600 mg, once a day |- | [[Special:MyLanguage/PharmaGABA|PharmaGABA]] || A form of GABA, supposedly crosses BBB better than regular GABA. || || GABA is a chief neurotransmitter in the brain and may adversely react with any neurally active prescription medication or anti-depressants. ([http://examine.com/supplements/GABA/ Source]) || || |- | [[Special:MyLanguage/PQQ|PQQ]] || Mitochondrial support. || || "Chronic toxicity to kidneys and liver may be achieved at a relatively low dose, although acute death requires a very high and unpractical dose. Until more evidence surfaces, it would be prudent to avoid superloading" ([http://examine.com/supplements/Pyrroloquinoline+quinone/ Source: Examine.com]) Promoting fission of faulty mitochondria may be harmful. || || |- | [[Special:MyLanguage/Probiotics|Probiotics]] || Specific strains may heal leaky gut. Generic health benefits. Restore healthy bacteria in colon after antibiotics use. || || || || |- | [[Special:MyLanguage/Protandim|Protandim]] || Nrf2 activator || || According to Protandim advocating doctor 8 % of 18 000 people has had side effects; these include loose stools and rash. Agents that increase SOD levels such as Protandim could theoretically accelerate ALS progression. || Tablet || Usually 1 tablet (675 mg) daily, sometimes more |- | [[Special:MyLanguage/Pterostilbene|Pterostilbene]] || Favorably regulates genes involved in the development of cancer, atherosclerosis, diabetes, and the system-wide inflammation that underlies a variety of age-related disorders. Similarities to resveratrol, but outperforms it in bioavailabity, far longer half-life, and penetrating the blood brain barrier. || Supposed to work synergistically with resveratrol. || || Capsule, a cup of blueberries 20 mcg || 1 capsule 0.25 mg |- | [[Special:MyLanguage/Pu-erh tea|Pu-erh tea]] || Extract may prevent the onset of FET family protein-associated neurodegenerative diseases and delay the progression of ALS by inhibiting the cytoplasmic aggregation of FET family proteins. || || || || |- | [[Special:MyLanguage/Pycnogenol|Pycnogenol]] || antioxidant, protective effects against glutamate excitotoxicity, increased the levels of SOD produced in an animal study || || || || |- | [[Special:MyLanguage/Quercetin|Quercetin]] || || || || || |- | [[Special:MyLanguage/R Alpha Lipoic Acid (R-ALA)|R Alpha Lipoic Acid (R-ALA)]] || Mitochondrial support, increase intracellular levels of glutathione, antioxidant, chelates metals, protects cells against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity. Na-R-ALA is the sodium salt of R-alpha lipoic acid, and is more bioavailable than unmodified R-ALA. || || May cause nausea and itching. In rat studies with toxic doses, ALA has increased oxidation levels (via hydroperoxide) in the organs it acts in, and has taken its metal-chelating abilities to the extreme and induced mineral deficiencies. These effects were seen at the human equivalent of 3-5g of ALA a day. ([http://examine.com/supplements/Alpha-Lipoic%20Acid/ Source: Examine.com]) || Capsule || 300 mg, once a day |- | [[Special:MyLanguage/Resveratrol|Resveratrol]] || AMPK activator, Inhibits PGE2, SIRT1 activator || Leucine and HMB significantly increase resveratrol's ability to activate Sirt1, Sirt3 and AMPK. || Excessive AMPK activation may induce TDP-43 mislocalisation. Possibly detrimental in SOD1 ALS. May increase toxicity of riluzole. Depletes NAD. || Capsule || 50 - 400 mg a day. NAD supplementation should be considered esp. on higher dosages. |- | [[Special:MyLanguage/Selenium|Selenium]] || Glutathione synthesis || || || Pill || 0.1 mg, once a day |- | [[Special:MyLanguage/Serine|Serine]] (L-serine) || May prevent incorporation of toxic BMAA into human protein in synthesis. || || || || Up to 15 g twice daily |- | [[Special:MyLanguage/Sodium benzoate|Sodium benzoate]] || Ammonia scavenger || Needs arginine supplementation to be fully effective || || Powder || 2-4 g a day (?) |- | [[Special:MyLanguage/Spirulina|Spirulina]] (blue-green algae) || Reduced inflammatory markers and neuroprotective support for dying motor neurons in mice. Nutrition dense food. || || May contain neurotoxin BMAA, quality control varies by producer. || || |- | [[Special:MyLanguage/Taurine|Taurine]] || Stabilizes Ca homeostasis || || || || |- | [[Special:MyLanguage/Trimethylglycine (TMG)|Trimethylglycine (TMG)]] (betaine)|| Homocysteine suppression, antioxidant. || || || Capsule || 750 mg, twice a day |- | [[Special:MyLanguage/Tomatidine|Tomatidine]] || Reduces ATF4 activity in aged skeletal muscle. ATF4 is a transcription factor that alters gene expression in skeletal muscle, causing reduction of muscle protein synthesis, strength, and mass. || || || Green tomatoes || |- | [[Special:MyLanguage/TUDCA (tauroursodeoxycholic acid)|TUDCA (tauroursodeoxycholic acid)]] || Anti-apoptotic, may inhibit MMP-9 activation, enhances GSH. || || || Capsule || 1 g, twice a day |- | [[Special:MyLanguage/Ubiquinone|Ubiquinone]] (COQ-10)|| Mitochondrial support, antioxidant || || || || 100 mg or more |- | [[Special:MyLanguage/Ubiquinol |Ubiquinol ]] || Mitochondrial support, antioxidant || Life extension Foundation claims that shilajit doubles levels of CoQ10 in mitochondria. Ubiquinol is a step further in biochemistry, and usually with better biovailability than ubiquinone. Body may have decreased capability converting ubiquinone into ubiquinol after the age of thirty. || May have a rebound effect if discontinued quickly after long use; tiredness, weakness, blood pressure might increase marginally during this period for about a week. || Capsule || 100 mg, once a day |- | [[Special:MyLanguage/Ursodiol|Ursodiol]] (a.k.a. UDCA, ursodeoxycholic acid) || || Taurine conjugate form TUDCA may be more effective. || || || |- | [[Special:MyLanguage/Ursolic acid|Ursolic acid]] || Reduce muscle atrophy and to stimulate muscular growth in mice. || || || || |- | [[Special:MyLanguage/Vitamin C|Vitamin C]] || Antioxidant || || || || |- | [[Special:MyLanguage/Vitamin E|Vitamin E]] (tocopherol & tocotrienol complex) || Antioxidant, in some research has been shown to prevent ALS. || || || || |- | [[Special:MyLanguage/Vitamin D3|Vitamin D3]] || Anti-inflammatory (general), calcium regulator. Can improve compromised human muscular ability and increase muscle size, supported by loss of motor function and muscle mass in animals following VDR knockout, as well as increased muscle protein synthesis and ATP production following vitamin D supplementation. Attenuates hypoxic brain damage in vivo and reduces neuronal lethality of glutamate insult in vitro. "In sum, evidence demonstrates that vitamin D, unlike the antiglutamatergic agent Riluzole, affects multiple aspects of ALS pathophysiology and could provide a greater cumulative effect." ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24428861 Source)] || || "Toxicity from vitamin D is mediated by altering calcium metabolism, which is potentially lethal. Doses should not exceed 10,000IU daily unless supervised by a medical professional." ([http://examine.com/supplements/Vitamin%20D/ Source: Examine.com]) || Pills, oral spray || 5000 IU (125 mcg), blood tests confirmation for levels and safety. |- | [[Special:MyLanguage/Vitamin K1|Vitamin K1]] || Calcium management || || Unsafe with at least following medical conditions: diabetes, kidney disease, liver disease. Do not take if using warfarin (Coumadin), might decrease warfarin effectiveness. ([http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-983-vitamin+k.aspx?activeIngredientId=983&activeIngredientName=vitamin+k&source=1&tabno=6 Source: WebMD]). || || |- | [[Special:MyLanguage/Vitamin K2|Vitamin K2]] || In Drosophila mitochondrial dysfunction was rescued by vitamin K2 that serves as a mitochondrial electron carrier, helping to maintain normal ATP production. May protect from vitamin D3 toxicity if high D3 dosages are used. || Supposedly synergy with vitamin D3. || Unsafe with at least following medical conditions: diabetes, kidney disease, liver disease. Do not take if using warfarin (Coumadin), might decrease warfarin effectiveness. ([http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-983-vitamin+k.aspx?activeIngredientId=983&activeIngredientName=vitamin+k&source=1&tabno=6 Source: WebMD]). Induces mitochondrial apoptosis by interacting with Bak. || || |- | [[Special:MyLanguage/Zinc gluconate|Zinc gluconate]] || Copper inhibitor || || Copper deficiency if taken in excess. GDH downregulation? || Capsule, gluconate is the form preferred in treating Wilson's disease. || 25 mg, three times a day |- | || || || || || || |} [[Category:Supplement summary]]
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