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| − | This is a list of supplements people with ALS have reported taking. Along with each supplement, its supposed pathways of functioning are given, along with typical dosages and potential side effects. The aim is to create a specific data page on each supplement, including links to scientific research articles etc.
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| + | Wondering if you accept guest posts or link inserts on existing posts on alstuttu.org? |
| − | ! Substance || Means of functioning || Possible synergies || Potential side effects || Form || Typical dosage
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| − | | [[5-HTP]] || Serotonin upregulator, may help with lower motor neuron symptoms such as cramps and muscle spasms, may slow down neurodegeneration. May alleviate depression and improve sleep. || Vitamin B6, pyridoxal-5'-phosphate form may be more effective. || Risk for [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serotonin_syndrome serotonin syndrome] if many serotonin boosters are taken at the same time. Not together with green tea (EGCG, EGC) || Capsule || 100 mg, twice a day. Deanna protocol recommends 50 mg a day. For mood support 50-300 mg commonly mentioned.
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| − | | [[Acetyl L-carnitine (ALCAR)]] || Mitochondrial support, prolonged survival time for 23 month in this [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23421600 trial]. Appears to increase the growth and repair of neurons, while protecting neurons from high levels of glutamate when combined with lipoic acid. Reduces neuromuscular degeneration in animal models. || Probably more effective with alpha lipoic acid. L-carnitine without the acyl group is more bioavailable but unable to pass BBB; thus better for targeting muscles. || If taken orally, may feed harmful gut bacteria. || Capsule or powder || 1 - 3 g a day, max. 0.5 g at a time
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| − | | [[Alcohol]] (ethyl alcohol) ||Glutamate antagonist, GABA agonist, synergistic with glycine. || || Unsuitable for alcoholics, common alcohol risks and health problems; risk of addiction, worse sleep, chronic use has risk of depression and anxiety, burdens liver, high amounts may lead to accidents and injury. || Liquid bewerages ||
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| − | | [[Alpha lipoic adic (ALA)]] || || Na-R-ALA and R-ALA are more efficient forms of ALA. See R Alpha lipoid acid. || || Capsule ||
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| − | | [[Alpha ketoglutarate (AKG)]] || Krebs cycle support || || || Capsule or liquid || 300 mg every 1 hour
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| − | | [[Arginine alpha ketoglutarate (AAKG)]] || Krebs cycle support || Arginine (in the form of 1:1 AAKG) increases bioavailability. Usually used in combination with AKG. || || Capsule || 3 - 20 g a day, typical dosage is 3 x 6g
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| − | | [[Baicalin]] || VEGF upregulator, NF-kappab inhibitor, IL-6 downregulator (?) || || || Capsule || 400 mg a day
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| − | | [[Berberine]] || Anti-microbial, AMPK activator, Anti-leaky gut || || May interact with microlide antibiotics such as azithromycin and clarithromycin at hERG channels on the heart, leading to serious cardiotoxicity. Excessive AMPK activation may induce TDP-43 mislocalisation. Possibly detrimental in SOD1 ALS. Contributes to muscle degradation. || Capsule || 0.9 - 2 g a day, max. 0.5 g at a time
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| − | | [[Coconut oil]] / MCT oil || By raising ketone levels, could theoretically help compensate for mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired energy production. Could slow progression simply by acting as a high calorie supplement that increases circulating lipids. Antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, and antiprotozoal.|| || Stomach upset, diarrhea in large amounts. Gradual increase 1 tsp/day to minimize possible gastrointestinal side effects. || Virgin coconut oil, avoid hydrogenated or otherwise chemically altered products. || 1-9 Tbsp/day.
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| − | | [[Curcumin]] || Anti-inflammatory, HSP inducer, Iron chelator || Valproate potentiates curcumin's neuroprotective effect. Piperine or complexing with phosphatidylcholine (Meriva) improves otherwise poor bioavailability when taken orally. Slow release products exist. || Consult a doctor first if you have problems with gallbladder. || Capsule || 400 mg to 3 g a day, depending on the formulation
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| − | | [[Dexthromethorphan]] || Anti-bulbar/pseudobulbar symptoms, Serotonin upregulator, Calcium channel inhibitor, NMDA antagonist || Quinidine slows the breakdown of dextromethorphan in the body, improving its bioavailability. || || Liquid || 20 mg dex + 10 mg quinidine twice a day
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| − | | [[Dichloroacetate (DCA)]] || Glycolysis inhibitor || || Severe, including peripheral neuropathy if taken too much or for too long. || Powder || 2 g a day
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| − | | [[DMAE]] || Increases acetylcholine production, Antioxidant|| || Confusion, drowsiness, elevated blood pressure, insomnia || Capsule || 130 - 400 mg a day
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| − | | [[European milk thistle extract]] || Mitochondrial support, GSH production support, Liver support || || || Softgel || 500 mg, once a day
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| − | | [[GABA]] || Can have a direct effect on spasticity. || || || Capsule || 250 mg, twice a day
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| − | | [[Gastrodia elata]] || Endothelin-1 downregulator || || || Capsule ||
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| − | | [[Ginger]] || || || || Fresh or root extract ||
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| − | | [[Idebenone]] || Synthetic analogue of ubiquinone. || || || Pill ||
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| − | | [[Ibuprofen]] || Anti-inflammatory (general) || || Stomach issues that do not vanish over time. || Pill || 200 mg, twice a day
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| − | | [[Inosine]] || Axon growth stimulation, Anti-glutamate, Elevates uric acid (?) || || || Capsule || 500 mg, once a day
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| − | | [[Leucine]] || GDH activator || || || Powder || 1 g a day
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| − | | [[Lion's Mane mushroom]] || || || || Capsule, powder ||
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| − | | [[Luteolin]] || IL-6 inhibitor || || || Powder, capsule || 1 g a day
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| − | | [[Magnesium]] || || || || ||
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| − | | [[Magnesium L-threonate]] ||Supposedly gets magnesium past the BBB better than other magnesium supplements. || || || ||
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| − | | [[Magnolia bark extract]] || Anti-anxiety, Anti-bulbar/pseudobulbar symptoms, Anti-inflammatory || || Enhances TNF induced apoptosis || Capsule || 30 mg, 2-4 times a day
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| − | | [[Methylcobalamin]] (Vitamin B12) || In cell culture studies, ameliorates oxidative stress, glutamate toxicity and apoptosis. High doses can inhibit DNA methylation. Lowers plasma homocysteine levels. || || || Capsule, oral spray, injection || 1-25 mg per day or 50 mg twice a week
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| − | | [[N-Acetyl-cysteine (NAC)]] || Glutathione synthesis precursor, can help thin mucous secretions in the oral cavity which may make swallowing easier || || || Capsule || 600 mg, twice a day
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| − | | [[Niacin (vit. B3)]] || || || Increases plasma homocysteine levels, Causes release of PGD2 || ||
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| − | | [[Niacinamide (nicotinamide)]] || || || || ||
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| − | | [[Nicotinamide riboside]] || || || || ||
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| − | | [[Peony root extract]] || HSP-70 inducer, Anti-inflammatory || || || || 600 mg, once a day
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| − | | [[Protandim]] || Nrf2 activator || || According to Protandim advocating doctor 8 % of 18 000 people has had side effects; these include loose stools and rash. Agents that increase SOD levels such as Protandim could theoretically accelerate ALS progression. || Tablet || Usually 1 tablet (675 mg) daily, sometimes more
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| − | | [[Pterostilbene]] || Favorably regulates genes involved in the development of cancer, atherosclerosis, diabetes, and the system-wide inflammation that underlies a variety of age-related disorders. Similarities to resveratrol, but outperforms it in bioavailabity, far longer half-life, and penetrating the blood brain barrier. || Supposed to work synergistically with resveratrol. || || Capsule, a cup of blueberries 20 mcg || 1 capsule 0.25 mg
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| − | | [[Pu-erh tea]] || Pu-erh tea extract may prevent the onset of FET family protein-associated neurodegenerative diseases and delay the progression of ALS by inhibiting the cytoplasmic aggregation of FET family proteins. || || || ||
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| − | | [[PQQ]] || mitochondrial support || || || ||
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| − | | [[Pycnogenol]] || antioxidant, protective effects against glutamate excitotoxicity, increased the levels of SOD produced in an animal study || || || ||
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| − | | [[R Alpha Lipoic Acid (R-ALA)]] || Mitochondrial support, increase intracellular levels of glutathione, antioxidant, chelates metals, protects cells against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity. Na-R-ALA is the sodium salt of R-alpha lipoic acid, and is more bioavailable than unmodified R-ALA. || || || Capsule || 300 mg, once a day
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| − | | [[Resveratrol]] || AMPK activator, Inhibits PGE2, SIRT1 activator || Leucine and HMB significantly increase resveratrol's ability to activate Sirt1, Sirt3 and AMPK. || Excessive AMPK activation may induce TDP-43 mislocalisation. Possibly detrimental in SOD1 ALS. May increase toxicity of riluzole. Depletes NAD. || Capsule || 50 - 400 mg a day. NAD supplementation should be considered esp. on highes dosages.
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| − | | [[Selenium]] || Glutathione synthesis || || || Pill || 0.1 mg, once a day
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| − | | [[Serine]] (L-serine) || || || || ||
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| − | | [[Sodium benzoate]] || Ammonia scavenger || Needs arginine supplementation to be fully effective || || Powder || 2-4 g a day (?)
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| − | | [[Spirulina]] (blue-green algae) || || || May contain neurotoxin BMAA, quality control varies by producer. || ||
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| − | | [[Taurine]] || Stabilizes Ca homeostasis || || || ||
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| − | | [[Trimethylglycide (TMG)]] || Homocysteine suppression || || || Capsule || 750 mg, twice a day
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| − | | [[Tomatidine]] || Reduces ATF4 activity in aged skeletal muscle. ATF4 is a transcription factor that alters gene expression in skeletal muscle, causing reduction of muscle protein synthesis, strength, and mass. || || || Green tomatoes ||
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| − | | [[TUDCA (tauroursodeoxycholic acid)]] || Anti-apoptotic, may inhibit MMP-9 activation. || || || Capsule || 1 g, twice a day
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| − | | [[Ubiquinone]] (COQ-10)|| Mitochondrial support, antioxidant || || || || 100 mg or more
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| − | | [[Ubiquinol ]] || Mitochondrial support, antioxidant || Life extension Foundation claims that shilajit doubles levels of CoQ10 in mitochondria. Ubiquinol is a step further in biochemistry, and usually with better biovailability than ubiquinone. || || Capsule || 100 mg, once a day
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| − | | [[Ursodiol]] (a.k.a. UDCA, ursodeoxycholic acid) || || Taurine conjugate form TUDCA may be more effective. || || ||
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| − | | [[Ursolic acid]] || Reduce muscle atrophy and to stimulate muscular growth in mice. || || || ||
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| − | | [[Vitamin D3]] || Anti-inflammatory (general) || || || ||
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| − | | [[Vitamin K1]] || Calcium management || || || ||
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| − | | [[Vitamin K2]] || || Supposedly synergy with vitamin D3. || || ||
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| − | | [[Zinc gluconate]] || Copper inhibitor || || Copper deficiency if taken in excess. GDH downregulation? || Capsule || 25 mg, three times a day
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Wondering if you accept guest posts or link inserts on existing posts on alstuttu.org?
