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| | [[Information on nutritional supplements people with ALS have been taking]] | | [[Information on nutritional supplements people with ALS have been taking]] |
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| − | * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichloroacetic_acid Wikipedia page]
| + | [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichloroacetic_acid Wikipedia page] |
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| | == Effects on ALS == | | == Effects on ALS == |
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| | ''DCA, or TCA in a concentration of 10 mM did not compromise cell viability nor affect cellular glutathione content or GAPDH activity. However, the presence of DCA and TCA significantly lowered the rate of cellular lactate production in viable astrocytes.'' [2] | | ''DCA, or TCA in a concentration of 10 mM did not compromise cell viability nor affect cellular glutathione content or GAPDH activity. However, the presence of DCA and TCA significantly lowered the rate of cellular lactate production in viable astrocytes.'' [2] |
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| − | == Cautions, risks and side effects ==
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| − | Severe, including peripheral neuropathy if taken too much or for too long. In tumor cells, shifting metabolism towards oxidative phosphorylation increases apoptosis - what happens in ALS affected cells is unknown.
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| | == References == | | == References == |
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| | </bibtex> | | </bibtex> |
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| | [2] | | [2] |
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| | } | | } |
| | </bibtex> | | </bibtex> |
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| − | [3]
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| − | <bibtex>
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| − | @article{Itoh2003,
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| − | abstract = {Neuronal cultures in vitro readily oxidized both D-[(14)C]glucose and l-[(14)C]lactate to (14)CO(2), whereas astroglial cultures oxidized both substrates sparingly and metabolized glucose predominantly to lactate and released it into the medium. [(14)C]Glucose oxidation to (14)CO(2) varied inversely with unlabeled lactate concentration in the medium, particularly in neurons, and increased progressively with decreasing lactate concentration. Adding unlabeled glucose to the medium inhibited [(14)C]lactate oxidation to (14)CO(2) only in astroglia but not in neurons, indicating a kinetic preference in neurons for oxidation of extracellular lactate over intracellular pyruvatelactate produced by glycolysis. Protein kinase-catalyzed phosphorylation inactivates pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), which regulates pyruvate entry into the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Dichloroacetate inhibits this kinase, thus enhancing PDH activity. In vitro dichloroacetate stimulated glucose and lactate oxidation to CO(2) and reduced lactate release mainly in astroglia, indicating that limitations in glucose and lactate oxidation by astroglia may be due to a greater balance of PDH toward the inactive form. To assess the significance of astroglial export of lactate to neurons in vivo, we attempted to diminish this traffic in rats by administering dichloroacetate (50 mgkg) intravenously to stimulate astroglial lactate oxidation and then examined the effects on baseline and functionally activated local cerebral glucose utilization (lCMR(glc)). Dichloroacetate raised baseline lCMR(glc) throughout the brain and decreased the percent increases in lCMR(glc) evoked by functional activation. These studies provide evidence in support of the compartmentalization of glucose metabolism between astroglia and neurons but indicate that the compartmentalization may be neither complete nor entirely obligatory.},
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| − | author = {Itoh, Yoshiaki and Esaki, Takanori and Shimoji, Kazuaki and Cook, Michelle and Law, Mona J and Kaufman, Elaine and Sokoloff, Louis},
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| − | doi = {10.1073/pnas.0831078100},
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| − | file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/riku/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Itoh et al. - 2003 - Dichloroacetate effects on glucose and lactate oxidation by neurons and astroglia in vitro and on glucose utilizati.pdf:pdf},
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| − | issn = {0027-8424},
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| − | journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
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| − | keywords = {Animals,Astrocytes,Astrocytes: drug effects,Astrocytes: metabolism,Brain,Brain: drug effects,Brain: metabolism,Cells, Cultured,Citric Acid Cycle,Dichloroacetic Acid,Dichloroacetic Acid: pharmacology,Glucose,Glucose: metabolism,In Vitro Techniques,Kinetics,Lactic Acid,Lactic Acid: metabolism,Male,Neurons,Neurons: drug effects,Neurons: metabolism,Oxidation-Reduction,Rats,Rats, Sprague-Dawley},
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| − | mendeley-groups = {dca},
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| − | month = apr,
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| − | number = {8},
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| − | pages = {4879--84},
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| − | pmid = {12668764},
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| − | title = {{Dichloroacetate effects on glucose and lactate oxidation by neurons and astroglia in vitro and on glucose utilization by brain in vivo.}},
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| − | url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=153649\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract},
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| − | volume = {100},
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| − | year = {2003}
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| − | }
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| − | </bibtex>
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| − | [[Category:Supplement data pages]]
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