Editing Sulforaphane
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=== [[Nrf2]] activation === | === [[Nrf2]] activation === | ||
− | ''The recognition that food-derived nonnutrient molecules can modulate gene expression to influence intracellular molecular mechanisms has seen the emergence of the fields of nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics. The aim of this review is to describe the properties of nutrigenomic activators of transcription factor [[Nrf2]] (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2), comparing the potential for sulforaphane and other phytochemicals to demonstrate clinical efficacy as complementary medicines. Broccoli-derived sulforaphane emerges as a phytochemical with this capability, with oral doses capable of favourably modifying genes associated with chemoprevention. '''Compared with widely used phytochemical-based supplements like | + | ''The recognition that food-derived nonnutrient molecules can modulate gene expression to influence intracellular molecular mechanisms has seen the emergence of the fields of nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics. The aim of this review is to describe the properties of nutrigenomic activators of transcription factor [[Nrf2]] (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2), comparing the potential for sulforaphane and other phytochemicals to demonstrate clinical efficacy as complementary medicines. Broccoli-derived sulforaphane emerges as a phytochemical with this capability, with oral doses capable of favourably modifying genes associated with chemoprevention. '''Compared with widely used phytochemical-based supplements like curcumin, silymarin, and resveratrol, sulforaphane more potently activates [[Nrf2]] to induce the expression of a battery of cytoprotective genes. By virtue of its lipophilic nature and low molecular weight, sulforaphane displays significantly higher bioavailability than the polyphenol-based dietary supplements that also activate [[Nrf2]].''' [[Nrf2]] activation induces cytoprotective genes such as those playing key roles in cellular defense mechanisms including redox status and detoxification. Both its high bioavailability and significant [[Nrf2]] inducer capacity contribute to the therapeutic potential of sulforaphane-yielding supplements.'' {{#pmid:26881038|houghton2016}} |
''[[Oxidative stress]] and [[mitochondrial dysfunction]] are early events in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Mitochondria are important key players in cellular function based on mitochondrial energy production and their major role in cell physiology. Since neurons are highly depending on mitochondrial energy production due to their high energy demand and their reduced glycolytic capacity [[mitochondrial dysfunction]] has fatal consequences for neuronal function and survival. The transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 '''([[Nrf2]]) is the major regulator of cellular response to [[oxidative stress]]. Activation of [[Nrf2]] induces the transcriptional regulation of antioxidant response element (ARE)-dependent expression of a battery of cytoprotective and antioxidant enzymes and proteins. Moreover, activation of [[Nrf2]] protects mitochondria from dysfunction and promotes mitochondrial biogenesis.''' Therefore, the Nrf2/ARE pathway has become an attractive target for the prevention and treatment of oxidative stress-related neurodegenerative diseases. Small food-derived inducers of the Nrf2/ARE pathway including l-sulforaphane from broccoli and isoliquiritigenin from licorice displayed promising protection of mitochondrial function in models of [[oxidative stress]] and neurodegenerative diseases and represent a novel approach to prevent and treat aging-associated neurodegenerative diseases.'' {{#pmid:26626189|denzer2016}} | ''[[Oxidative stress]] and [[mitochondrial dysfunction]] are early events in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Mitochondria are important key players in cellular function based on mitochondrial energy production and their major role in cell physiology. Since neurons are highly depending on mitochondrial energy production due to their high energy demand and their reduced glycolytic capacity [[mitochondrial dysfunction]] has fatal consequences for neuronal function and survival. The transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 '''([[Nrf2]]) is the major regulator of cellular response to [[oxidative stress]]. Activation of [[Nrf2]] induces the transcriptional regulation of antioxidant response element (ARE)-dependent expression of a battery of cytoprotective and antioxidant enzymes and proteins. Moreover, activation of [[Nrf2]] protects mitochondria from dysfunction and promotes mitochondrial biogenesis.''' Therefore, the Nrf2/ARE pathway has become an attractive target for the prevention and treatment of oxidative stress-related neurodegenerative diseases. Small food-derived inducers of the Nrf2/ARE pathway including l-sulforaphane from broccoli and isoliquiritigenin from licorice displayed promising protection of mitochondrial function in models of [[oxidative stress]] and neurodegenerative diseases and represent a novel approach to prevent and treat aging-associated neurodegenerative diseases.'' {{#pmid:26626189|denzer2016}} |