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| === General Criteria === | | === General Criteria === |
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− | The substances to be included in the cocktail should either be available as over-the-counter products or prescribing them off label should be straightforward. In addition, they need to fulfil at least one of the following criteria: | + | The substances to be included in the cocktail should either be available as over-tnhe-counter products or prescribing them off label should be straightforward. In addition, they need to fulfil at least one of the following criteria: |
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| #preliminary signs of efficacy in a human trial | | #preliminary signs of efficacy in a human trial |
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| === Selection by Trial Results === | | === Selection by Trial Results === |
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− | *[[Acetyl L-carnitine (ALCAR)]] {{#pmid:23421600|beghi2013}}
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− | *[[TUDCA (tauroursodeoxycholic acid)]] {{#pmid:25664595|elia2015}}
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− | *Lithium + valproate {{#pmid:24667005|Boll2014}}
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| === Selection by Processes === | | === Selection by Processes === |
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| The basis of this section is the page [[Supplements listed by their effects]] | | The basis of this section is the page [[Supplements listed by their effects]] |
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| ! Process/Parameter || How common in ALS? || Effect of Manipulation || Candidate Substances | | ! Process/Parameter || How common in ALS? || Effect of Manipulation || Candidate Substances |
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− | | [[Neuroinflammation]] || General || Reduction is probably beneficial; M2 state of microglia should be promoted{{#pmid:28790913|geloso2017}}. || [[3nB]], [[Baicalin]], [[Curcumin]], [[Ibuprofen]], [[Luteolin]], [[Magnolia bark extract]], [[Peony root extract]], [[Spirulina]], [[Trimethylglycine (TMG)]], [[Vitamin D3]] | + | | [[Neuroinflammation]] || General || Reduction is probably beneficial; M2 state of microglia should be promoted. || [[3nB]], [[Baicalin]], [[Curcumin]], [[Ibuprofen]], [[Luteolin]],[[Magnolia bark extract]], [[Peony root extract]], [[Spirulina]], [[Trimethylglycine]], [[Vitamin D3]] |
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− | | [[Mitochondrial dysfunction]] || || || [[Acetyl L-carnitine (ALCAR)]], [[European milk thistle extract]], [[MitoQ]], [[PQQ]], [[R Alpha Lipoic Acid (R-ALA)]], [[Ubiquinol]]
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− | | [[Apoptosis|Anti apoptotic]] || || || [[Melatonin]], [[TUDCA (tauroursodeoxycholic acid)]], [[Methylcobalamin]]
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− | | [[Glutamate|Glutamate toxicity]] || || || [[Acetyl L-carnitine (ALCAR)]], [[Alcohol]], [[Inosine]], [[Magnesium]], [[Methylcobalamin]], [[Pycnogenol]], [[R Alpha Lipoic Acid (R-ALA)]], Riluzole
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− | | [[HSF1|Heat shock protein inducers]] || Misfolded proteins are a fundamental hallmark of ALS. || Heat shock response assists in proper folding of the proteins and contributes to disaggregation{{#pmid:28724966|wang2017}} of misfolded ones. || [[Curcumin]], [[Peony root extract]]
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− | | Glutathione support || || || [[TUDCA (tauroursodeoxycholic acid)]], [[European milk thistle extract]], [[Glutathione]], [[R Alpha Lipoic Acid (R-ALA)]], [[Selenium]], [[N-Acetyl-cysteine (NAC)]],[[Trimethylglycine (TMG)]]
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− | | [[Nrf2]] activators || || || [[Sulforaphane]], [[Resveratrol]], [[Curcumin]]
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− | | [[MMP-9]] inhibitors || || || [[Sulforaphane]], [[TUDCA (tauroursodeoxycholic acid)]]
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− | | [[Homocysteine]] || Homocysteine level correlates with disease progression.{{#pmid:18195267|zoccolella2008}},{{#pmid:19551535|zoccolella2010}} The effect is possibly due to oxidative stress (via NMDA receptor stimulation {{#pmid:26500495|bukharaeva2015}}) and excitotoxicity. It also causes ER stress and inflammation through NF-kappaB activation.{{#pmid:18594946|curro2009}} || At least short-term reduction of Hcy with methylcobalamin improves compound ation potentials in ALS patients.{{#pmid:19551535|zoccolella2010}} || [[Methylcobalamin]], [[Folic acid]], [[Taurine]], [[Trimethylglycide (TMG)]], [[N-Acetyl-cysteine (NAC)]]
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− | == Selection of Substances from Candidates ==
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− | === Glutathione Support ===
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− | Sublingual glutathione was found to be superior to oral glutathione or NAC in one comparative study.{{#pmid:26262996|schmitt2015}}
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− | == References ==
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